CSIR UGC NET Exam date Extended for december 2019 : Apply NOW

The NTA (National Testing Agency) has released the notification regarding the registration and examination dates of CSIR UGC NET-Dec 2019 & Jan 2020 at All India Level.

UGC, CSIR NET Exam Schedule: Steps to download online

Step 1: Visit the official website nta.ac.in

Step 2: Click on the UGC, CSIR NET Exam Schedule option

Step 3: Enter the required information

Step 4: Download U G C, C S I R NET Exam Schedule
.
Direct Link: http://14.139.116.16:90/Download/Notice/Notice_20190821175716.pdf

Examination: UGC-National Eligibility Test(UGC-NET)-December 2019

Mode of Examination: Computer Based Examination

Registration Dates: 9th September to 9th October, 2019

Downloading of Admit Cards: 9th November, 2019

Dates of Examinations: 2nd to 6th December, 2019

Date of Announcing Result: 31st December, 2019

Examination: UGC-National Eligibility Test(UGC-NET)-June 2020

Mode of Examination: Computer Based Examination

Registration Dates: 16th March to 16th April, 2020

Downloading of Admit Cards: 15th May, 2020

Dates of Examinations:  15th to 20th June, 2020

Date of Announcing Result: 5th July, 2020

Examination: CSIR-UGC NET Examination(CSIR-UGC NET)-December 2019

Mode of Examination: Computer Based Examination

Registration Dates: 9th September to 9th October, 2019

Downloading of Admit Cards: 9th November, 2019

Dates of Examinations: 15th December, 2019

Date of Announcing Result: 31st December, 2019

FMA - Budgeting & Budgetary control

budget (Photo credit: 401(K) 2013)

Budgeting& Budgetary Control

Meaning of Budget:

                     A budget is a plan expressed in quantitative, usually monetary terms, covering a specific period of time, usually one year. In other words, a budget is a systematic plan for the utilization of manpower and material resources.

                     In a business organization a budget represents an estimate of future costs and revenues.

Budgets may be divided into two basic classes;

1.Capital Budgets and 2.Operating Budgets.

                    Capital budgets are directed towards proposed expenditures for new projects and often require special financing.

                     The operating budgets are directed towards achieving short-term operational goals of the organization, for instance, production or profit goals in a business firm. Operating budgets may be sub-divided into various departmental or functional budgets.

Budgeting:

                     Budgeting refers to the process of preparing the budget. It involves a detailed study of business environment clearly grasping the management objectives, the available resources of the enterprise and capacity of the enterprise.

Budgetary control:

                     Budgetary control is the process of preparation of budgets for various activities and comparing the budgeted figures for arriving at deviations if any, which are to be eliminated in future.

                    No system .of planning can be successful without having an effective and efficient system of control. Budgeting is closely connected with control. The exercise of control in the organization with the help of budgets is known as budgetary control.

The process of budgetary control includes

(i) preparation of various budgets

(ii) continuous comparison of actual performance with budgetary performance and

(iii) revision of budgets in the light of changed circumstances.

                    A system of budgetary control should not become rigid. There should be enough scope for flexibility to provide for individual initiative and drive. Budgetary control is an important device for making the organization more efficient on all fronts. It is an important tool for controlling costs and achieving the overall objectives.

Financial Management Accounting 1.2

Assets (Photo credit: LendingMemo)

STUDYMATERIAL - Depreciation – methods

MEANING:

             Depreciation may be defined as the permanent decrease in the value of an asset through wear and tear in the use or the passage of time.

              Depreciation is an expense or loss involved in using machinery, motor vehicles, tools and other fixed assets in the process of production and has to be provided for; this is done by estimating the amount to be written off the value of  particular aset each year and setting this amount against the profits for that year.

      Institute of chartered accountants of India defines, “ a measure  of the wearing out, consumption o other loss of a value of a depreciable asset arising from use, afflux ion of time or obsolescence through technology ad market changes.

      Depreciation is allocated so as to charge a fair proportion of the depreciable amount in each accounting  period during the expected useful life of the asset.

     Deprciation includes amortisation of assets whose useful life is predetermined.”

CAUSES OF DEPRECIATION :

1.     Physical deterioration:

It is caused mainly from wear and tear when the asset is in use and from erosion, rust, rot and decay from being exposed to wind, rain, sun and other elements of nature.